ABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine varnish on the reduction of caries incidence during fixed orthodontic treatment. The literature searches involved The Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, OpenSigle databases and manual searches. The search on OpenSigle did not produce any additional articles. Clinical studies conducted in patients with orthodontic fixed appliances that used professional application of chlorhexidine varnish were included. The effect-size was calculated and a meta-analysis was performed. From 182 abstracts, a total of six articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After reading the full articles, one was excluded because of lack of a control group. Three articles were used for continuous data analysis, and two articles were used for the dichotomous data analysis. The pooled meta-analysis with continuous data demonstrated chlorhexidine varnish effectiveness on caries reduction (p = 0.003), with a mean difference and confidence interval of −1.49 [−2.47, −0.51]. On the basis of the pooled meta-analysis of continuous data, we were able to conclude that professional application of chlorhexidine varnish is effective in caries incidence reduction during fixed orthodontic treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cariostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Orthodontic Appliances/microbiology , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A agenesia dentária consiste em uma anomalia comum de desenvolvimento, que resulta na alteração do número de dentes preentes na cavidade bucal e afeta aproximadamente 20% da população. Sua etiologia está associada a fatores ambientais, como infecções, traumas, quimioterapia, radioterapia e causas genéticas. Atualmente a etiologia mais aceita para explicar a ocorrência das anomalias dentárias é a alteração na expressão de genes específicos. Com base no conhecimento dos genes e fatores de transcrição envolvidos na odontogênese, presume-se que diferentes formas fenotípicas de agenesia dentária são causadas por mutações em diferentes genes. Os genes envolvidos na agenesia dentária em humanos incluem os fatores de transcrição (MSX1 e PAX9) que desempenham um papel crítico durante o desenvolvimento craniofacial e o gene que codifica uma proteína envolvida na via de sinalização canônica Wnt (AXIN2). Dessa maneira, a proposta do presente estudo é discorrer sobre os principais genes que têm sido relatados como reguladores da formação dental e a ocorrência de mutações nestes genes que poderiam resultar em agenesias dentárias
Dental agenesis is a common developmental anomaly which affects approximately 20% of the population and results in a reduction of number of teeth present in the oral cavity. The etiology is associated with environmental factors, such as infections, trauma, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and genetic causes. Currently the widely accepted theory to explain the occurrence of dental agenesis is the change in the expression of specific genes. Different phenotypic patterns of dental agenesis are caused by mutations in genes and transcription factors involved in odontogenesis. In humans those genes include transcription factors (MSX1 and PAX9) that play a critical role during development and the gene coding for a protein involved in the canonical Wnt signaling (AXIN2). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss about dental agenesis and the key genes that have been reported as regulators of dental formation and how the occurrence of mutations in these genes could result in dental agenesis